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C语言代写 | CMPSC473 Implement Your Device Driver

C语言代写 | CMPSC473 Implement Your Device Driver

CMPSC473, Fall 2019  
Concurrency Lab: Implement Your Device Driver  
Assigned: October 16, 2019; Due: November 7, 2019  
Expected Programming Time: 30+ hours  
Introduction  
A hardware driver is a computer program that controls a piece of hardware. A driver typically  
provides 2 main APIs for clients: schedule (queues a job) and handle (does a job). Notice that  
clients could be human being and other programs. Schedule and handle operations could be  
synchronous or asynchronous.  
In synchronous mode, handler always blocks until there is job to handle, whereas in asynchronous  
mode, they simply return. Similarly, with schedule, in synchronous mode, if the job queue is full,  
schedulers wait until a handler has processed a job and there is available space in the job queue  
whereas in asynchronous mode, they simply leave without scheduling.  
Another variation would be if a driver is queued (that is, if the driver has a job queue helping it to  
manage jobs). In the queued case, the scheduler blocks only until the job has been scheduled to the  
queue. On the other hand, if the driver is unqueued, the scheduler blocks until a handler has handled  
the job.  
In this lab you will be writing your own version of a driver which will be used to communicate  
among multiple clients, both synchronously and asynchronously. A client can either schedule a job  
or handle a job from it. Keep in mind that multiple clients can schedule and handle simultaneously  
from the driver. You are encouraged to explore the design space creatively and implement a driver  
that is correct, efficient, and fast.  
The only files you will be modifying and handing in are driver.c and driver.h and optionally  
linked_list.c and linked_list.h. Consider the job queue to be of finite size, configurable during  
creation. Queued drivers will have a positive size, whereas unqueued drivers will have a 0 size of job  
queue. You will be implementing the following functions:  
driver_t* driver_create(size_t size)  
enum driver_status driver_schedule(driver _t* driver, void* job)  
enum driver_status driver_handle (driver_t* driver, void** job)  
enum driver_status driver_non_blocking_schedule(driver_t* driver, void* job)  
enum driver_status driver_non_blocking_handle(driver_t* driver, void** job)  
enum driver_status driver_close(driver_t* driver)  
enum driver_status driver_destroy(driver_t* driver)  
enum driver_status driver_select(select_t* driver_list, size_t driver_count, size_t*  
selected_index)  
You are encouraged to define other helper functions, structures, etc. to help model the code in a  
better way.  
Description of the driver related functions  
driver_create: Creates a new driver with the provided job queue size and returns it to the  
caller function. A 0 size indicates an unqueued driver, whereas a positive size indicates a  
queued driver.  
driver_schedule: Checks if the given driver has space to accommodate the new job and  
schedule it. This is a blocking call, i.e., the function only returns on a successful completion  
of schedule. In case the queue is full, the function waits till the queue is available to take in  
new job. The return type is enum driver_status as defined in driver.h. Return  
o SUCCESS for successful queuing of job,  
o DRIVER_CLOSED_ERROR when the queue is closed, and  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR on encountering any other generic error of any sort.  
driver_handle: Picks up data from the given driver and stores it in the function’s input  
parameter, job (Note that it is a double pointer). This is a blocking call, i.e., the function only  
returns on a successful job completion. In case the queue is empty, the function waits until  
the queue has some jobs to pick up. The return type is enum driver_status as defined in  
driver.h. Return  
o SUCCESS for successful retrieval of job,  
o DRIVER_CLOSED_ERROR when the driver is closed, and  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR on encountering any other generic error of any sort.  
driver_non_blocking_schedule: Checks if the given driver has space to accommodate the new  
job and populates it. This is a non-blocking call, i.e., the function simply returns if the queue  
is full. The return type is enum driver_status as defined in driver.h. Return  
o SUCCESS for successful queuing of job,  
o DRIVER_FULL if the queue is full and the data was not added to the queue,  
o DRIVER_CLOSED_ERROR when the driver is closed, and  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR on encountering any other generic error of any sort.  
driver_non_blocking_handle: Picks up data from the given driver and stores it in the  
function’s input parameter job (Note that it is a double pointer). This is a non-blocking  
call, i.e., the function simply returns if the driver is empty. The return type is enum  
driver_status as defined in driver.h. Return  
o SUCCESS for successful retrieval of job,  
o DRIVER_EMPTY if the driver is empty and nothing was stored in job  
o DRIVER_CLOSED_ERROR when the driver is closed, and  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR on encountering any other generic error of any sort.  
driver_close: Closes the driver and informs all the blocking schedule/handle/select calls to  
return with DRIVER_CLOSED_ERROR. Once the driver is closed, schedule/handle/select  
operations will cease to function and return  
o SUCCESS if close is successful,  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR in any other error case.  
driver_destroy: Free all the memory allocated to the driver. The caller is responsible for  
calling driver_close and waiting for all threads to finish their tasks before calling  
driver_destroy. Return  
o SUCCESS if destroy is successful,  
o DRIVER_DESTROY_ERROR if driver_destroy is called on an open driver, and  
o DRIVER_GEN_ERROR in any other error case.  
driver_select: Takes an array of drivers, driver_list, of type select_t and the array length,  
driver_count, as inputs. This API iterates over the provided list and finds the set of possible  
drivers which can be used to invoke the required operation (schedule or handle) specified in  
select_t. If multiple options are available, it selects the first option and performs its  
corresponding action. If no driver is available, the call is blocked and waits until it finds a  
driver which supports its required operation. Once an operation has been successfully  
performed, select should  
o set selected_index to the index of the driver that performed the operation and then  
return SUCCESS.  
o In the event that a driver is closed or encounters an error such as  
DRIVER_GEN_ERROR, you should propagate the error and return the error through  
select. Additionally, set selected_index to the index of the driver that generated the  
error.  
Notice: for select function, you can safely assume that all drivers in the driver_list are  
queued (queue size > 0).  
select_t: This struct has following parameters:  
driver_t* driver: Driver on which we want to perform operation  
enum operation op: Specifies whether we want to handle (HANDLE) or schedule (  
SCHDLE) on the driver.  
void* data: If op is HANDLE, then the job handled from the driver is stored as an  
output in this parameter, job. If op is SCHDLE, then the job that needs to be  
scheduled is given as input in this parameter, job.  
Support Routines  
The queue.c file contains the helper constructs for you to create and manage a queued driver. These  
functions will help you separate the queue management from the concurrency issues in your driver  
code. Please note that these functions are NOT thread-safe. You are welcome to use any of these  
functions, but you should not change them.  
queue_t* queue_create(size_t capacity): Creates a queue with the given capacity.  
enum queue_status queue_add(queue_t* queue, void* job): Adds the job into the queue. This  
function returns QUEUE_SUCCESS if the queue is not full. Otherwise, it returns  
QUEUE_ERROR.  
enum queue_status queue_remove(queue_t* queue, void** job): Removes the job from the  
queue in FIFO order and stores it in job. This function returns QUEUE_SUCCESS if the  
queue is non-empty. Otherwise, it returns QUEUE_ERROR.  
void queue_free(queue_t* queue): Frees the memory allocated to the queue.  
size_t queue_capacity(queue_t* queue): Returns the total capacity of the queue.  
size_t queue_current_size(queue_t* queue): Returns the current number of jobs in the queue.  
We have also provided the optional interface for a linked list in linked_list.c and linked_list.h. You  
are welcome to implement and use this interface in your code, but you are not required to  
implement it if you don’t want to use it. It is primarily provided to help you structure your code in a  
clean fashion if you want to use linked lists in your code. You can add/change/remove any of the  
functions in linked_list.c and linked_list.h as you see fit.  
Programming rules  
You are not allowed to take any of the following approaches to complete the assignment:  
Spinning with or without a polling loop to implement blocking calls (it will fail the test  
anyway ꢀꢁ)  
Sleep for an arbitrary amount of time  
Try to change the timing in ‘test.c’ to hide bugs such as race conditions. (We will run your  
driver with our test.c file, so no need to change code in test cases ꢀꢁ)  
You are only allowed to use the pthread library, the semaphore library, basic standard C library  
functions (e.g., malloc/free), and the provided code in the assignment for completing your  
implementation. If you think you need some other library function, please contact the course staff to  
determine the eligibility.  
Here are a bunch of functions that maybe helpful:  
pthread_mutex_init  
pthread_mutex_destroy  
pthread_mutex_lock  
pthread_mutex_unlock  
pthread_cond_wait  
pthread_cond_signal  
pthread_cond_broadcast  
sem_init  
sem_destroy  
sem_wait  
sem_trywait (be cautious if you need to use this function)  
sem_post  
Look for manual page if you don’t know how to use them.  
Testing your code  
To run the supplied test cases (including the ones listed below) simply run the following command in  
the project folder:  
make test  
Your code will be tested in the following areas:  
On running the make command in your project, two executable files will be created. The  
default executable, driver, is used to run specific test cases on your code. Check for the name  
of the test case you want to run in the file test.c and run the following command, replacing  
<
test_case_name> with the name of the test:  
.
/driver <test_case name>  
Valgrind is being used to check for memory leaks, report uses of uninitialised values, and  
detect memory errors such as freeing a memory space more than once. To run a valgrind  
check by yourself, use the command:  
valgrind –leak-check=full ./driver  
Note that driver_sanitize should not be run with valgrind. Only driver should be used with  
valgrind. Valgrind will issue messages about memory errors and leaks that it detects for you  
to rectify them. You should produce code that does not generate any valgrind errors or  
warnings.  
Hints  
It is very important to come up with a design to manage your driver. For the queued cases, you can  
think of it as a classical producer consumer problem with finite buffer size. However, you will still  
need to design a mechanism to deal with select API.  
To compile your code in debug mode (to make it easier to debug with gdb), you can simply run:  
make debug  
It is important to realize that when trying to find race conditions, the reproducibility of the race  
condition often depends on the timing of events. As a result, sometimes, your race condition may  
only show up in non-debug (i.e., release) mode and may disappear when you run it in debug mode.  
Bugs may sometimes also disappear when running with gdb or if you add print statements. Bugs  
that only show up some of the time are still bugs, and you should fix these. Do not try to change  
the timing to hide the bugs.  
A reasonable approach to debugging these race condition bugs is to try to identify the symptoms of  
the bug and then read your code to see if you can figure out the sequence of events that caused the  
bug based on the symptoms. If your bug only shows up outside of gdb, one useful approach is to  
look at the core dump (if it crashes). Here’s a link to how to get and use core dump files:  
http://yusufonlinux.blogspot.com/2010/11/debugging-core-using-gdb.html If your bug only  
shows up outside of gdb and causes a deadlock (i.e., hangs forever), one useful approach is to  
attach gdb to the program after the fact. To do this, first run your program. Then in another  
command prompt terminal run:  
ps aux  
This will give you a listing of your running programs. Find your program and look at the PID  
column. Then run:  
gdb  
Within gdb, then run:  
attach <PID>  
where you replace <PID> with the PID number that you got from ps aux. This will give you a gdb  
debugging session just like if you had started the program with gdb.  
Another very useful hint for those who uses pthread_mutex_t (sorry for those who use semaphore) is  
that you can always print out the pthread_mutex_t variable in gdb. There is one element in mutex  
lock called ‘owner’ that tells you the thread ID holding the lock. See screen shot below:  
You can see that the mutex lock has been ‘Acquired’, and it is currently owned by thread 150.  
Evaluation  
You will receive zero point if:  
you violate academic integrity policy  
your code does not compile/build  
you do not follow the submission instruction (see Handin section below)  
Your code will be evaluated for correctness, properly handling synchronization, and ensuring it does  
not violate any of the programming rules (e.g., do not spin or sleep for any period of time). We have  
provided our auto grader program. To use it, simply run  
make test  
or  
python grade.py after compilation  
In terms of a grade breakdown, we will assign:  
10% for submission that builds and runs make test without issue  
10% for basic functionality of your driver (e.g., create, close, destroy)  
30% for 4 main APIs in queued cases (e.g. schedule, handle, non-blocking schedule, non-  
blocking handle)  
20% for 4 main APIs in unqueued cases (e.g. schedule, handle, non-blocking schedule, non-  
blocking handle)  
10% for CPU utilization (you don’t need to worry about this test if your thread correctly gets  
blocked)  
20% for integrating select API with the 4 main APIs  
Up to a 15% additional credit for the “bonus” – see below  
Handin  
To handin your code, first change the environment variable ‘SNUM’ in your Makefile to your  
student ID, and then run the following command:  
make handin  
You will see a handin-YOUR_STUDENT_ID.tar.gz file created. Submit this tgz file on Canvas.  
Feel comfortable to submit your tar.gz file multiple times on canvas. Our auto-grader is able to  
handle the renaming problem given your ‘SNUM’ in Makefile is consistent with your ID.  
Bonus  
We also provide bonus points in this project. The task is to improve your driver_select() function  
such that it also works with unqueued drivers.  
To test your bonus code, run  
make bonus  
Or  
python grade.py bonusafter compilation.  
Warning: the bonus part is considered to be very hard to implement. It is fairly possible to restructure  
all your schedule and handle functions just to make the unqueued driver_select function work. Also,  
you will need to come to professor’s or TA’s office hour to defend your code.  
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