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C语言代写 | CIS 657 Programming Assignment 3

C语言代写 | CIS 657 Programming Assignment 3

该Assignment是使用c语言完成一个NachOS文件系统

CIS 657 Programming Assignment 3
Submit two files:  Create your Assignment 3 document (doc or pdf), follow the instruction and then submit it to
the Turnitin link on the blackboard (under Assignments). o You can submit multiple times before the due. o After the due, you cannot resubmit newer version.  Do a “make clean” in code/build.linux, then compress your Nachos folder on the VM, download
the compressed file into your local machine and name the compressed file Ass3_yourNetId.zip
(Note: Zip only!!). Submit the zipped file to the Assignment Code Submission link of
Blackboard. o You need to submit the entire nachos directory
 We will build and run your nachos, not individual files
o Use naming convention
o When we uncompress your zip file, we want to see your nachos like
¥Ass3_netid
¥code
¥threads
¥machine …
 Do not change compiler option in Makefile
 You have to make sure your submission is correctly made
o If you don’t have a confirm email, you should check again.  You should raise an appeal within a week after grade is posted. Due: December 2 (Monday, end of the day)
Late submission: you will have 2
d penalty of your late days. If you submit your files on different
days, later day will be considered. Follow the Lab1 instruction and create a new fresh Nachos folder. You need
multitasking and virtual memory, use your assignment 2 implementation. Overview
NachOS uses the “stub” filesystem implementation, which simply
translates NachOS file system calls to UNIX file system calls. You have been
using this file system implementation for the previous assignments. NachOS
also comes with a very basic file system implementation that uses the NachOS
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simulated disk. For this assignment, your task is to improve on this basic
implementation.
In this programming assignment, you have to implement the system calls
of NachOS. In order to protect the users and the kernel, it is important to
consider some basic security issues. If a user is only allowed to use
predefined system calls, he can only harm the kernel by passing invalid
arguments or extremely oversized parameters. Therefore, do never forget to
check the parameters before using them and limit their size. A description of
what the calls mentioned below should do and which parameters are passed
and/or returned should be found in the corresponding interface in
code/userprog/syscall.h.
Getting Started:
The files to focus on are:
 filesys.h, filesys.cc — top-level interface to the file system.
 directory.h, directory.cc — translates file names to disk file headers;
the directory data structure is stored as a file.
 filehdr.h, filehdr.cc — manages the data structure representing the
layout of a file’s data on disk. This is the NachOS equivalent of a
UNIX i-node.
 openfile.h, openfile.cc — translates file reads and writes to disk
sector reads and writes.
 synchdisk.h, synchdisk.cc — provides synchronous access to the
asynchronous physical disk, so that threads block until their requests
have completed.
 disk.h, disk.cc — emulates a physical disk, by sending requests to read
and write disk blocks to a UNIX file and then generating an interrupt
after some period of time. The details of how to make read and write
requests varies tremendously from disk device to disk device; in
practice, you would want to hide these details behind something like
the abstraction provided by this module.
Task 1 (60 %) Implement Complete Basic NachOS FileSystem:
1. Nachos file system has a UNIX-like interface, so you may also wish to
read the UNIX man pages for creat, open, close, read, write, lseek, and
unlink (e.g., type “man creat”). Nachos file system has calls that are
similar (but not identical) to these calls; the file system translates
these calls into physical disk operations. Create (like UNIX creat),
Open (open), and Remove (unlink) are defined on the FileSystem object,
since they involve manipulating file names and directories.
FileSystem::Open returns a pointer to an OpenFile object, which is used
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for direct file operations such as Seek (lseek), Read (read), Write
(write). An open file is “closed” by deleting the OpenFile object.
 int Create(char *name, int protection)
o Creates a new NachOS file named “name”, but does not open it.
o Create an empty file
o Protection attribute: rwx 3-bit combination
for example, r – – (4), – w – (2), r w – (6), r w x (7), …
 int Remove(char *name)
o Removes a NachOS file named “name”.
o When a file is removed, processes (NachOS threads) that have
already opened that file should be able to continue to read and
write the file until they close the file. However, new attempts
to open the file after it has been removed should fail. Once a
removed file is no longer open by for any process, the filesystem
should actually remove the file, reclaiming all of the disk space
used by that file, including space used by its header.
 OpenFileId Open(char *name, int mode)
o Opens the file called “name” and returns an ID to be used as a
file descriptor for the file in subsequent Read and Write calls.
Mode specifies the requested access mode to this file (RO=1, RW=2,
APPEND=3).
o If protection permission is not valid for the given mode, error
occurs
o Do not use pointer for OpenFileId (int)
o Per-process open file table (per-AddrSpace)
o System-wide open file table
 int Write(char *buffer, int size, OpenFileId id)
o Writes “size” bytes from “buffer” to the open file.
o Makes Write syscall to perform console I/O
o Returns # of bytes successfully written
 int Read(char *buffer, int size, OpenFileId id)
o Reads “size” bytes from the open file into “buffer”.
o Makes Read syscall to perform console I/O
o Returns the number of bytes actually read, which does not always
have to equal the number of bytes requested.
 int Seek(int position, OpenFileId id)
o Set the current position within the open file called “id”
o Each time a file is opened, NachOS returns an OpenFileId to the
calling process. There should be a separate file (seek) position
associated with each such OpenFileId. The Read and Write system
calls modify this position implicitly, while the Seek system call
lets a process explicitly change an open file’s seek position so
it can read or write any portion of the file.
 int Close(OpenFileId id)
o Releases a file after it is not needed anymore.
o Clean up all data structures representing the open file
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 All system calls return -1 when they are failed.
2. Many of the data structures in our file system are stored both in
memory and on disk. To provide some uniformity, all these data
structures have a “FetchFrom” procedure that reads the data off disk
and into memory, and a “WriteBack” procedure that stores the data back
to disk. Note that the in-memory and on-disk representations do not
have to be identical.
3. Complete the NachOS basic file system by adding synchronization to
allow multiple threads to use file system concurrently. Currently, the
file system code assumes that it is accessed by a single NachOS thread
at a time. In addition to ensuring that internal data structures are
not corrupted, your file system must observe the following constraints
(these are the same as in UNIX):
 The same file may be read/written by more than one NachOS thread
concurrently. Each thread separately opens the file, giving it its
own private seek position within the file. Thus, two threads can
both sequentially read through the same file without interfering
with one another.
o During lecture, we discussed about this
 All file system operations must be atomic and serializable. For
example, if one thread is in the middle of a file write, a thread
concurrently reading the file will see either all of the change or
none of it. Further, if the OpenFile::Write operation finishes
before the call to OpenFile::Read is started, the Read must reflect
the modified version of the file.
o Directory operations and read/write operations execute
atomically too
 When a file is deleted, threads with the file already open may
continue to read and write the file until they close the file.
Deleting a file (FileSystem::Remove) must prevent further opens on
that file, but the disk blocks for the file cannot be reclaimed
until the file has been closed by all threads that currently have
the file open.
 Hint: to do this part, the file system needs to maintain tables of
open files: per-process and system-wide.
4. Modify the file system to allow the maximum size of a file to be as
large as the disk (128Kbytes). In the basic file system, each file is
limited to a file size of just under 4Kbytes. Each file has a header
(class FileHeader) that is a table of direct pointers to the disk
blocks for that file. Since the header is stored in one disk sector,
the maximum size of a file is limited by the number of pointers that
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will fit in one disk sector. Increasing the limit to 128KBytes will
probably but not necessarily require you to implement doubly indirect
blocks.
5. Implement dynamically extensible files. In the basic file system, the
file size is specified when the file is created. One advantage of this
is that the FileHeader data structure, once created, never changes. In
UNIX and most other file systems, a file is initially created with size
0 and is then expanded every time a write is made off the end of the
file. Modify the file system to allow this; as one test case, allow the
directory file to expand beyond its current limit of files. In doing
this part, be careful that concurrent accesses to the file header
remain properly synchronized.
6. Once NachOS is no longer using its stub file system, the behavior of
the system should change.
// Filesystem-related flags: defined in main.cc
// -f forces the Nachos disk to be formatted
// -cp copies a file from UNIX to Nachos
// -p prints a Nachos file to stdout
// -r removes a Nachos file from the file system
// -l lists the contents of the Nachos directory
// -D prints the contents of the entire file system
For example, you will no longer be able to simply run: ./nachos –
x ../test/halt
need to find user programs in the NachOS FileSystem
a) ./nachos –f : format the NachOS disk and initialize NachOS
FileSystem (empty) on it (you can use your own flag)
 You must format the NachOS disk before storing any file on it
for the first time
b) ./nachos –cp ../test/user_prog1 prog1: load user program executable
in the UNIX file system to NachOS File System
 Protection (permission) bit – x bit – of executable files must
be 1
 Since user application programs are compiled in UNIX directory
(~/code/test/), you may want to load several application
programs or data files into the NachOS file system over and
over when recompiling those application programs. You may use
different flag to load files.
c) Then ./nachos –x prog1
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7. Remember to test your File System Calls and File System Operation
correctly. You must write small test programs (application programs)
that demonstrate that your project works correctly.
You need to present sufficient test cases to show the correctness of
your File System.
 Ensure that all requirements work properly with the basic file
system.
 To test your implementation, write program(s), which uses the
implemented system calls. You need to have some logging mechanism in
your output to show that your implementation is correct. This is
very crucial. Please provide your test cases in the report document
containing information about what you have made, the test programs
you have written, and etc.
o Exercise the file system calls with both legal and illegal
parameter values.
Task 2 (40 %) Write a shell application using the sample in test/shell.c: The
shell — user program that keeps reading commands from the console and
executing them. Each command is a file name of another user program. The
shell is running the command in a child process using the Exec system call
that you implemented in the assignment 2. In order to make the parent (shell)
program to wait for the child process to complete, you need to implement Join
system call. After the child process completes, the shell will wait for user
command.
1. Write and Read syscalls in shell.c use
OpenFileId input = ConsoleInput;
OpenFileId output = ConsoleOutput;
Write(prompt, 2, output);
Read(&buffer[i], 1, input)
2. Modify Exec system call to run user programs in your NachOS file system.
a. Takes the filename argument whose file is loaded in the file system,
not from a host system (UNIX) directory.
b. Returns SpaceId
3. int Join (SpaceId childId) system call:
a. This is called by a parent process to wait for the termination of
the child process whose SpaceId is given by the childId argument. If
the child process is still active, then Join blocks until the child
exits. When the child has exited, Join returns the child’s exit
status (Exit system call) to the parent. To simplify the
implementation, each child may be joined on at most once. Nachos
Join is basically equivalent to the Unix wait system call.
b. childID must be non-zero.
c. You may need to keep a list of all child processes of each process.
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1) Need to handle the case when a child process calls Exit syscall
before the parent calls Join syscall.
2) Join/Exit relationship!!
4. UNIX-like utility programs (user programs in ~/test)– used as commands
in the shell: You may need additional system calls to perform the
following utility programs (Extend your kernel to support your own
shell features). You may define your own shell command syntax and
semantics (but close to UNIX system utility) – need to handle string
arguments to Exec system call
a. ls
b. cd
c. pwd
d. mkdir
e. cp
f. mv
g. rm
h. rmdir
i. chmod
5. Multiple commands separated by “;”, a semicolon:
a. The shell executes all of the commands concurrently and waits for
them all to complete before accepting the next command.
6. Sample Output:
./nachos –x myShell
>> prog1
display something from prog1
>> pwd
/usr/app
Bonus (10 pts)
1. Implement interprocess communication using pipes. This will redirect
the output of one process to the input of another. An example of a Unix
pipe would be “program1 | program2” from the command line of a shell.
In this example, program1 would normally output text to the standard
output, but the pipe will redirect this output to the input of program2.
program2 would normally take its input from a file. This problem will
require some imagination since files do not exist, but should not be
too difficult to implement. In your kernel, program1 is the first child
process created by Exec and program2 is the second child process. The
standard output of program1 should be bound to the pipe and the
standard input of program2 should be bounded to the output of the
preceding process, program1, from the pipeline.
a. Sequence of pipes, each with one reader and one writer.
b. Think about Exec/Join and Pipe Redirection
c. Pipes are implemented as producer/consumer bounded buffers with a
maximum buffer size of N bytes. If a process writes to a pipe that
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is full, the Write call blocks until the pipe has drained
sufficiently to allow the write to continue. If a process reads from
a pipe that is empty, the Read call blocks until the sending process
exits or writes data into the pipe. If a process at either end of a
pipe exits, the pipe is said to be broken: reads from a broken pipe
drain the pipe and then stop returning data, and writes to a broken
pipe silently discard the data written.
2. More shell utilities
a. cat (You can think of the following cases)
1) read a file and write it to standard output (OpenFileId 1)
2) read standard input (OpenFileId 1) and write it to a file
3) read standard input and write it to standard output
b. link
c. unlink
Your document must include the followings:
 Cover Page
 Disclosure Form
 How much time did you spend to do:
 Analyze the problem, determine specifications, and create your
design
 Implement the design
 write the program
 Test/debug the program
 Find/fix errors
 Create test cases, and try them out
 List of your files with directory name that you modified or created for
this assignment
 Design/your solution for each requirement
 We are looking for your own answers
 Implementation of your solution (Code snippet with good comments)
 Do not include Nachos original code
 We want to see your own code/modification
 Should be text (no image/photo of code)
 Testing
 How to run your tests
 What each test case is testing (you need to prove your
implementation of each requirement in the following output
snapshots)
 You must test all requirements of the basic NachOS file system
and shell application.
 You need to verify that all system calls are correctly working.
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 Output Snapshots
Testing:
We will build and run your Nachos on the VM. You must test your
program on the VM and also should provide proper test scenario in your
document.
Grading:
 Syntax/Runtime/Logic Errors with proper Makefile [-50, -15]
 Data structure design/class definition/declaration respectively [-40, –
10]
 Quality of your report/comments [-20, -5]
 Quality of user programs [-30, -5]
 Satisfy all implementation requirements [-100, -5]
 Garbage collection (handle all objects at the end) [-10, -5]
 Input/output design (meaningful messages to prove your implementation)
[-30, -10]
 Output(by Students)/Test(by TAs) [-50]
 If a student turns in one submission (either code or document), he/she
could get up to 50 pts.

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