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C代写 | CS
456/656 Spring Assignment
3


C代写 | CS
456/656 Spring Assignment
3


C语言实现网络链路路由程序

Assignment
3
Computer
Networks
(CS
456/656)
 Spring 20
19
Shortest
Path
Routing
Algorithm
Due Date: Monday, July 29, 2019, before midnight (11:59 PM
) Work
on
this
assignment
is
to
be
completed
individually
1 Assignment
Objective
For
this
assignment,
you
will
implement
a
shortest
path
routing
algorithm.(
OSPF). 2 Overview
Like
 most
 link‐state
 algorithms,
 OSPF
 uses
 a
 graph‐theoretic
 model
 of
 network
 topology
 to
 compute
 shortest
 paths.
 Each
 router
 periodically
 broadcasts
 information
 about
 the
 status
 of
 its
 connections.
 OSPF
 floods
 each
 status
 message
 to
 all
 participating
 routers.
 A
 router
 uses
 arriving
 link
 state
 information
to
assemble
a
graph.
Whenever
a
router
receives
information
that
changes
its
copy
of
the
 topology
 graph,
 it
 runs
 a
 conventional
 graph
 algorithm
 to
 compute
 shortest
 paths
 in
 the
 graph,
 and
 uses
the
results
to
build
a
new
next‐hop
routing
table.

FIGURE
1:
INTERNET
TOPOLOGY

OSPF
 uses
 a
 directed
 graph
 to
 model
 an
 Internet.
 Each
 node
 in
 an
 OSPF
 topology
 graph
 either
 corresponds
 to
 a
 router
 or
 a
 network.
 If
 a
 physical
 connection
 exists
 between
 two
 objects
 in
 an
 Internet,
 the
 OSPF
 graph
 contains
 a
 pair
 of
 directed
 edges
 (one
 in
 each
 direction)
 between
 the
 two
 nodes
 that
 represent
 the
 objects.
 To
 enable
 routers
 to
 compute
 shortest
 paths,
 each
 edge
 in
 an
 OSPF
 graph
is
assigned
a
weight
that
corresponds
to
the
cost
of
using
the
path.

The
 identities
 of
 the
 links
 that
 are
 attached
 to
 a
 router
 together
 with
 their
 cost
 metrics
 are
 entered
 into
a
table
(known
as
the
circuit
database).

1

2
Circuit
Database
for
R1
Link
Cost
L1
 2
 L2
 1
FIGURE
2:
INITIALIZED
CIRCUIT
DATABASE

Before
a
router
can
send
any
PDU
to
its
neighbors
it
should
first
send
a
HELLO PDU
to
tell
its
neighbor
 that
 the
 router
 is
 ready
 to
 participate
 in
 the
 OSPF
 procedure.
 So
 at
 the
 beginning
 of
 the
 procedure
 each
router
sends
a
HELLO PDU
to
each
of
its
neighbors.

Each
router
sends
to
each
of
its
neighbors
a
link state (LS) PDU
containing
the
identifiers
of
the
 links
to
which
the
router
is
attached
together
with
the
cost
values.
In
this
way,
a
router
receives
some
 LS PDUs
from
each
of
its
neighbors
informing
it
of
the
links
that
are
attached
to
it
and
their
cost
values.
 This
information
is
stored
in
the
link
state
database
by
the
update
process
in
the
router.

R1
From
R2
–
R2:
L1,2/L3,4/L4,1/L6,4
 R3
–
R3:
L2,1/L3,4/L5,3/L8,4
R2
From
R1
–
R1:
L1,2/L1,1
 R3
–
R3:
L2,1/L3,4/L5,3/L8,4
 R4
–
R4:
L4,1/L5,3/L7,5
 R5
–
R5:
L6,4/L9,2
|
 |
 |
R7
From
R4
–
R4:
L4,1/L5,3/L7,5
 R5
–
R5:
L6,4/L9,2
 R6
–
R6:
L8,4/L10,2

FIGURE
3:
LINK
STATE
DATABASE
AFTER
FIRST
SET
OF
LS
PDUS

When
it
has
done
this,
the
update
process
in
each
router
sends
a
copy
of
the
LS PDU
to
each
of
its
 neighbors
(except
the
one
that
has
sent
the
PDU
and
those
from
which
it
has
not
received
a
HELLO PDU
 yet;
 also
 the
 same
 message
 should
 be
 sent
 to
 a
 router
 only
 once
 to
 avoid
 loops).
 As
 a
 result,
 each
 router
 receives
 a
 further
 set
 of
 LS PDUs
 which
 have
 effectively
 originated
 from
 its
 neighbors’
 neighbors.
 This
 procedure
 then
 continues.
 As
 can
 be
 deduced,
 over
 a
 period
 of
 time
 each
 router
 will
 receive
a
complete
set
of
LS PDUs
containing
the
identities
of
the
links
‐
and
their
path
cost
values
‐
 which
are
attached
to
all
other
routers
in
the
Internet.

Whenever
 a
 new
 set
 of
 LS PDUs
 is
 entered
 into
 the
 link
 state
 database,
 the
 router
 performs
 the
 Shortest
 Path
 First
 (SPF)
 algorithm
 on
 the
 link
 state
 database,
 and
 determines,
 from
 all
 the
 entries
 in

the
 various
 databases,
 which
 neighbor
 R
 should
 be
 used
 to
 reach
 each
 of
 the
 other
 routers
 based
 on
 their
corresponding
path
cost
values.

To
illustrate
this
procedure,
consider
its
application
to
the
example
subnet
shown
in
Figure
1.

The
initialized
circuit
database
is
shown
in
Figure
2
and
the
first
set
of
LS PDUs
that
are
received
by
 each
router
(R)
is
shown
in
Figure
3.

For
example,
R1
will
receive
8
LS PDUs,
4
from
R2
and
4
from
R3.
Similarly,
R2
will
receive
11
LS PDUs,
 2
from
R1,
4
from
R3,
3
from
R4
and
2
from
R5.

As
 described
 earlier,
 on
 receipt
 of
 each
 of
 these
 PDUs
 and
 if
 those
 later
 affect
 its
 LS
 database,
 each
 R
 will
then
generate
another
set
of
LS PDUs,
and
pass
them
on
to
each
of
its
neighbors.
This
procedure
 then
repeats.
The
first,
second
and
third
sets
of
LS PDUs
that
will
be
received
by
R1
are
shown
in
Figure
 4,
Figure
5,
and
Figure
6.

3
FIGURE
4:
LINK
STATE
DATABASE
DEVELOPMENT
FOR
R1
(FIRST
SET
OF
LS
PDUS)

FIGURE
5:
LINK
STATE
DATABASE
DEVELOPMENT
FOR
R1
(SECOND
SET
OF
LS
PDUS)

FIGURE
6:
LINK
STATE
DATABASE
DEVELOPMENT
FOR
R1
(THIRD
SET
OF
LS
PDUS)

Finally,
 Figure
 7
 shows
 the
 output
 of
 the
 decision
 process
 for
 R1.
 This
 is
 the
 routing
 information
 base
 (RIB)
and
is
computed
by
the
decision
process
performing
the
SPF
algorithm
on
the
contents
of
the
link
state
database
to
determine
the
shortest
(minimum)
path
cost
to
each
destination
R.
Destination
R
Path,
Cost
R1
 R2
 R3
 R4
 R5
 R6
 R7
Local,0
 R2,2
 R3
1
 R2,3
 R2,6
 R3,5
 R3,7
FIGURE
7:
FINAL
RIB
FOR
R1
3 Hints
The
following
structures
are
assumed
(and
should
be
respected):
#define NBR_ROUTER 5
struct pkt_HELLO
{
unsigned int router_id;
unsigned int link_id;
strruct pkt_LSPDU
{
unsigned int sender;
unsigned int router_id;
unsigned int link_id;
unsigned int cost;
unsigned int via;
/* for simplicity we consider only 5 routers */
/* id of the router who sends the HELLO PDU */
/* id of the link through which it is sent */
/* sender of the LS PDU */
/* router id */
/* link id */
/* cost of the link */
/* id of the link through which the LS PDU is sent */
}
}

4

struct pkt_INIT
{
unsigned int router_id;
struct link_cost
{
unsigned int link;
unsigned int cost;
struct circuit_DB
{
unsigned int nbr_link;
struct link_cost linkcost[NBR_ROUTER];
/* we assume that at most NBR_ROUTER links are attached to each router */
}
When
a
router
needs
to
send
packets
to
another
router,
it
sends
them
to
the
Network
State
Emulator
 instead
of
sending
them
directly
to
the
router.
The
Network
State
Emulator
then
forwards
the
routers
 packets
to
the
right
receiver.
4 What
to
do?
You
should
implement
the
router
program,
named
router.
Its
command
line
input
should
include
the
 following:

where
,
• <router_id>
is
an
integer
that
represents
the
router
id.
It
should
be
unique
for
each
router.
 • <nse_host>
is
the
host
where
the
Network
State
Emulator
is
running.
• <nse_port>
is
the
port
number
of
the
Network
State
Emulator.
• <router_port>
is
the
router
port

You
 will
 be
 given
 the
 executable
 of
 the
 Network
 State
 Emulator
 (nse),
 where
 circuit
 databases
 are
hardcoded
and
will
be
sent
to
the
routers
during
the
initialization
phase.
Its
command
line
is:

where,
• <routers_host>
is
the
host
where
the
routers
are
running.
For
simplicity
we
suppose
that
all
routers
are
running
on
the
same
host.
• <nse_port>
is
the
Network
State
Emulator
port
number.

The
 Network
 State
 Emulator
 will
 not
 affect
 any
 packet;
 it
 simply
 forwards
 the
 packet
 to
 the
 right
 receiver.
The
topology
used
by
the
simulator
is
also
provided
in
an
accompanying
PDF
file.
First
each
router
must
send
an
INIT
packet
to
the
Network
State
Emulator
containing
the
router’s
id.
 After
 the
 Network
 State
 Emulator
 receives
 an
 INIT
 packet
 from
 each
 router,
 the
 Network
 State
 Emulator
will
send
to
each
router
the
circuit
database
associated
with
that
router.
The
circuit
database
}
/* id of the router that send the INIT PDU */
/* link id */
/* associated cost */
}

5
nse <routers_host> <nse_port>
/* number of links attached to a router */
router <router_id> <nse_host> <nse_port> <router_port>

will
 be
 sent
 in
 a
 circuit_DB
 structure.
 For
 the
 assignment,
 you
 should
 always
 run
 the
 five
 router
 programs
in
order
from
the
1st
to
the
5th.
Then
each
router
must
send
a
HELLO
packet
to
all
its
neighbors.
Each
router
will
respond
to
each
HELLO
 packet
by
a
set
of
LS PDUs
containing
its
circuit
database.
When
receiving
an
LS PDU
a
router
will
 update
its
topology
database
and
then
it
will
send
to
all
its
neighbors
(except
the
one
that
send
the
LS PDU
and
those
from
which
the
router
did
not
receive
a
HELLO
packet
yet)
the
LS PDU.
The
LS PDU
is
 contained
 in
 the
 pkt_LSPDU
 structure.
 Before
 a
 router
 can
 send
 the
 pkt_LSPDU,
 it
 must
 change
 the
 field
 sender
 to
 its
 router
 id
 value.
 When
 receiving
 an
 LS PDU
 a
 router
 should
 also
 use
 the
 Dijkstra
 algorithm
 using
 its
 link
 state
 database
 to
 determine
 the
 shortest
 (minimum)
 path
 cost
 to
 each
 destination
R.

For
 both
 testing
 and
 grading
 purpose,
 your
 router
 program
 should
 be
 able
 to
 generate
 a
 log
 file,
 named
as
router (id).log,
where
id
is
the
id
of
the
router
(i.e.
router
1
will
generate
a
log
file
with
 name
 router1.log).
 The
 routers
 must
 record
 in
 the
 log
 file
 all
 the
 messages
 that
 they
 receive
 and
 all
 messages
that
they
send.
They
must
also
record
their
topology
database
every
time
this
later
changes.
 The
 log
 file
 should
 contain
 the
 corresponding
 RIB
 for
 each
 topology.
 Before
 each
 line
 of
 the
 trace,
 the
 router
must
write
its
id.

An
example
of
a
message
trace
is
the
following:

R1
receives
an
LS PDU:
sender
3,
router_id
7,
link_id
7,
cost
5,
via
2
 /*
it
can
be
interpreted
as
:
R1
receives
from
R3
via
link
id
2
that
R7
has
a
link
with
id
7
and
cost
5
*/

An
example
of
a
topology
database
is
shown
in
the
following:
 # Topology database
R1 -> R1 nbr link 2
R1 -> R1 link 1 cost 2
R1 -> R1 link 2 cost 1
R1 -> R2 nbr link 4
R1 -> R2 link 1 cost 2
R1 -> R2 link 3 cost 4
R1 -> R2 link 4 cost 1
R1 -> R2 link 6 cost 4
Notice
that
the
topology
database
will
be
subject
to
change
every
time
information
about
a
new
router
 becomes
available

An
example
of
a
RIB
is
given
below:
 # RIB
R1 -> R1 -> Local, 0
R1 -> R2 -> R2, 2
R1 -> R3 -> R3, 1
R1 -> R4 -> R2, 3
R1 -> R5 -> R2, 6
R1 -> R6 -> R3, 5
R1 -> R7 -> R3, 7

6

4.1 Example
Execution
(with
5
routers)
• On
the
host
hostX
nse hostY 9999

• On
the
host
hostY
router 1 hostX 9999 9991
router 2 hostX 9999 9992 router 3 hostX 9999 9993 router 4 hostX 9999 9994 router 5 hostX 9999 9995
• Expected
output
router1.log router2.log router3.log
router4.log router5.log
5 Procedures
5.1 Due
Date
Monday, July 29, 2019, before midnight (11:59 PM)
5.2 Hand
in
Instructions

Submit
your
all
your
files
in
a
single
compressed
file
(.zip,
.tar
etc.)
using
UW‐LEARN
Assignment
3
Drop
 Box.

You
must
hand
in
the
following
files
/
documents:
• Source
code
files.
• Makefile:
your
code
must
compile
and
link
cleanly
by
typing
“make”
or
“gmake”.
• README
 file:
 this
 file
 must
 contain
 instructions
 on
 how
 to
 run
 your
 program,
 which
 undergrad
machines
 your
 program
 was
 built
 and
 tested
 on,
 and
 what
 version
 of
 make
 and
 compilers
 you
are
using.
If
you
choose
not
to
use
C,
the
makefile
you
submit
must
generate
shell
scripts
that
run
your
programs
 as
specified.
Name
the
script
router.

Your
implementation
will
be
tested
on
the
machines
available
in
the
undergrad
environment.
5.3 Documentation
Since
 there
 is
 no
 external
 documentation
 required
 for
 this
 assignment,
 you
 are
 expected
 to
 have
 a
 reasonable
amount
of
internal
code
documentation
(to
help
the
markers
read
your
code).

You
will
lose
marks
if
your
code
is
unreadable,
sloppy,
inefficient,
or
not
modular.
5.4 Evaluation
Work
on
this
assignment
is
to
be
completed
individually.

7

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